The, Misery, By Richard Farnsworth As Buster, And Frances...

Imagine being rescued after suffering a major car wreck, only to be kidnapped by your number one fan. Starring Kathy Bates as Annie Wilkes, James Caan as Paul Sheldon, Richard Farnsworth as Buster, and Frances Sternhagen as Virginia, Misery is a psychological thriller produced and directed by Rob Reiner. In this 1990 psychological thriller film you will experience thrill, action, suspense, despair and misery, all powered by composer Marc Shaiman and his use of music to set the mood for the audience. Films and movies are a composition of elements that make that essentially come together as one to form a piece of art. Although a film is not complete with missing elements, some elements when used out of place can break a movie. Some of these elements include, but are not limited to, a character’s costume and makeup, lighting, camera direction, acting, special effects, and, sound effects and music. In some films one element may be the overriding factor but when put together, these elements work together to please an audience. Each element on its own, has an important role it plays in the creation of a film or movie. In Misery, for example, the choice of music composition used for major scenes in the movie helps to build on the plot, suspense and rising action, on many other scenes, the fast paced music led to nail biting and hair pulling moments. Without the wise choice of the fast-paced string, Classical music, Misery would have not been the psychological thriller it

Jean Watson’s Theory Free Essays

As a nurse establishing a caring relationship with a client is not easy. Jean Watson was the developer of a theory, which emphasizes how nurses express care to their patients. In this paper the author will discuss Jean Watson’s theory, background, descriptions of her four concepts; environment, human being, nursing, and health, also describe of an actual nurse-client relationship which includes the description of the caring moment between a nurse and her 10 year old patient, which includes the caring moment and use of four of Watson’s carative factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Watson’s Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jean Watson was born in a small town Appalachia Mountains of West Virginia on 1940. In 1961 she graduated from The Lewis Gale School of nursing. She earned her bachelor’s degree in 1964, and her master’s degree in psychiatric and mental health nursing in 1966. Later in 1973 she obtained her PhD in educational psychology and counseling (Nursing Theory, 2012). Watson’s theory is grounded by ten processes known as the â€Å"Caritas Processes† these 10 statements helped to provide and ethic or philosophy from, which we practice. Caritas represent charity, compassion, and generosity of spirit (Arslam Azkan, 2012). It connotes something very fine, indeed, something precious that needs to be cultivated and sustained. The original theory developed in 1979 was organized around ten carative factors (Arslam Azkan, 2012). Jean Watson’s carative factors were a combination of interventions that were related to the human care process with full participation of the nurses with the patient. Watson’s philosophy and sciences of caring addresses how nurses express care to their patients. According to her theory, caring can be demonstrated and practiced by nurses. Caring for patients promotes growth; a caring environment accepts a person as he or she is and looks to what she or he may become (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). Watsons’s theory of caring has for major factors; human being, health, environment, and nursing (Nursing Theory, 2012). To Watson a human being was not only a body, but we should view a human as a whole, including their emotions (Arslam Azkan, 2012). Watson believed a person should be understood, respected, and assisted by a nurse (Arslam Azkan, 2012). She described health as the unity of the body, mind, and soul (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). Watson described environment as the things that make the client feel comfortable that provides safety, reduces stress, and a clean place (Nursing Theory, 2012). This can include the work setting and how nurses present themselves to the client. She views nursing as a human science where we can combine art ethics of human to human process. Nurses are to promote health, prevent illness, caring of the sick and returned health (Arslam Azkan, 2012). According to Watson, the nurse’s role is to establish a caring relationship with the patient; this is achieved by the nurse going beyond an objective assessment (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). During the relationship there is a moment when the nurse and the patient come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created, Watson called this occasion the â€Å"Caring Moment† (Arslam Azkan, 2012). Working as a mental health nurse I have been able to develop a nurse-client relationship with my patients. However, there is a specific case that I will never forget the interaction with this patient makes me relate to Watson’s theory and the caring moment she describes in her theory. One evening working as a charge nurse in the children’s unit, â€Å"Sarah† a 10 year-old African American girl arrived to the unit via ambulance; she was coming directly from school where she was put on a 72- hour involuntary psychiatric hold because of her cutting her wrist with a blade and saying she wanted to die. That day, her two years older sister had reported to her physical education teacher in school that her and her sister were both been sexually abused by their biological father at home. Immediately child services were notified and many school counselors attempted to talk to Sarah while still in school to get her side of the story but Sarah refused to share any information with anyone, instead she showed the school staff herself inflicted cuts on her both wrists saying â€Å"This helps my pain. † At this moment the school called the department of mental health to evaluate Sarah. When she arrived to the unit, she looked confused, scared, and tearful at times. She was still refusing to talk to anyone when asked about the situation stating â€Å"I just want to die. I introduced myself to Sarah with a smile, I explained to her she was put on a psychiatric hold and let her know what was coming next during the admission process to reduce her anxiety level (Townsend, 2008). The caring moment begins while doing Sarah’s nursing assessment and the question of her been sexually abuse had to come, when I asked her she states, â€Å"You are so pretty and nice can I stay and live here with you? In that moment my heart comes to my stomach and my eyes become watery, I stayed quite not knowing what to answer. Few seconds of silence came and suddenly she starts sharing information and even giving details of her sexual abuse from her father’s part. The information she gives me is very explicit and shocking coming from an innocent ten year old girl. Then she sta nds up and hugs me saying â€Å"I want to stay her with you please. † I hugged her back and began crying inconsolable with Sarah, unforgettable, and priceless moment has marked my nursing career in a way that I know a nurse has to be sensitive to herself and to others. During nurse- client interaction with Sarah I used four of Jean Watson’s carative factors. The fist carative factor I used was the installation of faith-hope, which means been authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system (Arslam Azkan, 2012). I tried to make Sarah feel comfortable by providing a quiet and calm place to perform her nursing assessment. I also tried to provide hope to her by making her feel cared for, I asked her if she was hungry and offered her some juice and some snacks, and I admired the beautiful hair and smile. I asked her about her relationship with her mother and sister and asked her if she believed they loved her. I asked her these questions so she can reflect and realized there was people that loved and cared for her (Townsend, 2008). The second carative factor I implemented was the development of a helping-trusting human caring relationship that implies developing and sustaining a helping-trusting authentic relationship (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). I implemented this factor by obtaining Sarah’s trust so she can express her feelings of her living situation at home which was extremely important to understand her situation and provide quality care and an individualized treatment. I maintain intermittent eye contact so she would feel acknowledge but not intimidated and I maintained myself at her height level at all times so she would not feel powerless (Townsend, 2008). I explained to her the admission process at her age level letting her know as much as possible what to expect from the hospitalization and explain the program guidelines to her. I reassured her many times she was in a safe environment. The third carative factor I used was the promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, to Watson this means being present to, and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). Sarah’s case was a very sensitive case which required the nurse to be very cautious in not making Sarah feel blame or judge for the situation, taking into consideration this a 10 year old with multiple self inflicted cuts in her wrist, she is feeling suicidal and there was a possibility of emotional and physical trauma. Even though it was extremely important to ask Sarah about her cuts and possible abused from her father I decided to focus on her positive feelings asking her about her siblings for example. Per hospital protocol within the first 15 minutes of arrival patients are required to go through a body search to check for any contraband, signs of abuse or self harm. During this physical assessment I saw Sarah’s cuts, I had to ask her if she had cut herself and looking down she shake her head up and down. I stayed calm paying attention to my body language and gestures, a negative facial expression or gesture toward her behavior of cutting herself could have had a negative effect on the nurse-client relationship affecting her trust toward myself (Townsend, 2008). In that moment I decided not to focus on finding out the reason she had to cut herself. I was there for Sarah listening to her, attentive in a calm environment, where she felt protected and cared for. I did not want her to feel pressured or judge. Later during the assessment she began speaking of her cuts and expressing her feelings. The fourth carative factor I used in Sarah’s care, which is the cultivation of sensitivity to oneself and to others. To Watson this meant the cultivation of one’s spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self (Watson Caring Science Institute, 2012). I personally been a mother of a seven-year old at that time I immediately felt that need to protect her and make her feel safe. During the nursing assessment there was a moment where I became tearful when she was sharing details about the sexual abuse describing how sometimes she would rather urinate in her bed to avoid making noise so her father would not wake up and abused her that particular night. I became sensitive to her story, it was impossible not to show any emotions. In personal reflection the nurse-client relationship with Sarah taught me that a nurse needs to cared for her patient and have compassion, which to me is what nursing is about compassion, and empathy. I was able to obtain Sarah’s trust which is extremely important not only in nursing over all but when dealing with trauma patients. Sarah was able to express her feelings and share crucial information with me. Personally I discovered I was meant to be a mental health nurse I felt rewarded when Sarah hugged me and cried with me. I believed I made a difference in her life in that moment she felt safe and cared for. The author in this paper has described the four concepts of Jean Watson’s theory human being, environment, health, and nursing. Watson’s educational background and caritas model were briefly described. The author included an actual nurse-client relationship between a mental health nurse and a ten year old, including the caring moment and describing the implementation of four of the ten carative factors Jean Watson developed. References Arslam, A., Azkan, A. (2012, March). A model Where Caring and Healing Meets:Watson’s theory of Human Caring. Turkish Journal of Researcher and development in nursing, 14(2), 61-72. Nursing Theory. (2012). Jean Watson. Retrieved from http://www.nursing-theory.org Townsend, M. (2008). Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A Davi. Watson Caring Science Institute. (2012). Jean Watson’s Theory. Retrieved from http://www.watsoncaringscience.org How to cite Jean Watson’s Theory, Papers

Relevance of The Organization Man by William Whyte in Todays World

Question: Discuss about the Relevance of The Organization Man by William Whyte in Today's World. Answer: The Organization Man is a benchmark and one of the most influential books in the history of management, written by William H. Whyte. It was published in 1956. This book has dealt with the dilemmas of the group ethos, which were generated in the social and cultural world after the World War II. This book is regarded as a very significant sociological and business explanation of modern times. This gives a detailed description of the effects of public organizations on the American people (Rao 2012). The central idea of this book is that, over time, the average Americans have started to follow the collectivism principle rather than following the existing rugged individualism notion. Whyte showed in the book that, in todays world, people are becoming convinced that, the groups and the organizations can take better decisions for the wellbeing of the society than what an individual can take. The organizations provide more efficient platform for the individuals to perform better and benefit all (Nocera 2014). The mid century conformity and the difference between collectivism and individualism are illustrated in this book by Whyte. In the 1950s and 1960s, the working life of the Americans focused on the image of conformity. At that time, the idea of conformity was depicted through business people wearing identical gray suits and sitting in long rows of identical work desks. This was highlighted in this non-fiction book by Whyte. The author depicted an entire era of the business world in his book. Whyte observed and studied the American businesses and said that the principal of collectivism guided the American workers. This practice of behaving according to the socially accepted norms of collectivism, depicted in The Organization Man has helped to explain the organizational culture and behavior of the American businesses in the mid century, and later, generations rebelled against it (Mills 2017). Being the editor of the famous financial magazine Fortune, Whyte was able to observe the corporate world of America. He found that, the idea of a perfect society was shifting from individualistic view to the collectivistic view. The period after World War II, i.e. from 1940s to 1960s, brought about huge economic growth in America. At this time, the companies grew larger, created infinite number of jobs for the middle-class people, and brought great prosperity. The growth of the pre-planned suburban communities, and the revolution of technologies, from television to frozen food, has also emerged in this period, which was making life easier (Whyte 2013). Whyte was encouraged by this idea that the new technology and the corporate American culture could bring solutions to all the problems of life. With this notion, he interviewed the CEOs of many large corporate houses of America. To his satisfaction, he found that this attitude was present among all the CEOs and the employees. Thus, he came to conclude that, American people no longer believed in the principle of individualism, rather they started to believe in collectivism. In the previous era, people used to believe that the progress was achieved by the talented individuals alone, with no much contribution from the others of the society. Whyte found that this idea of progress was changing (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). People now started to believe that the problems could be best solved by a group or organization, where individuals come together and contribute in finding solutions to the problems by dedicating their individual talents in the group. However, Whyte argued that individual creativity was required for advancement and collectivist mentality resulted in hesitation for trying out new things (Cho et al. 2013). This book had significant impact on the corporate culture of America. After the release of the book, the workplace of the modern America has undergone huge changes. This had made the corporate organizations to rethink and restructure their management and strategies. The organizations realized that their structure did not encourage to take risks in business. When the Silicon Valley in California developed in 1970s, the organizations followed the advice of Whyte and created small companies, where individuals inputs and risk taking attitude were given more importance. Over time, the large companies lost much of their relevance while the small businesses grew leaps and bounds with the help of new technology (Nocera 2014). As a new economy has emerged, the structure of the socio-cultural economy has changed. In the 1990s, when the large companies became less relevant and small companies gained importance, the logic of the book became significant. In Whytes book, it was full of the explanations on rising equality. As the new era has come, it has been found that equality has been expanding too. The young people, who believed in corporate bureaucracy, effectiveness, and equality, gained power within the organization, and their values were reflected in the corporate pay. Thus, the organizations moved towards achieving equality (Lewis 2012). However, it has been found, that following the collectivism principle, as mentioned in The Organization Man, the CEOs of the big organizations earned 20 times more than what a typical worker earned in the respective industries. By the end of 2015, the disparity ratio skyrocketed to 276 times. Hence, the rationale of social welfare mentioned in the book was not applicable in this case. This phenomena for the huge inequality in pay resulted from globalization and automation. The technological revolution has brought about a wave of automation, which has made life and work easier, but at the same time, resulted in loss of jobs for many throughout the world. Hence, with the improvement in financial service and technology, the companies are generating supernormal profits. However, the profits are reflected in the pay of the CEOs and top management people, and not in the pay of the workers. The collectivism is present in the organizational work structure and culture, but not in the pay structure (Sernovitz 2016). The Organization Man mostly considered the cultural changes happening outside the organizations. The author had focused on peoples personal and professional lives and how they react to any changes in the social ethics. The shift from individualism to collectivism within the organization was accepted by the people and they started to work accordingly. It is still relevant, because, now, many Americans, who live in the suburbs, think of getting a job in the cities and moving ahead, and this reflects the individualistic attitude. At the same time, to achieve something bigger and better, the involvement of the organizations is indispensable, supporting the collectivism attitude. The shift in culture, economy and organizations was following collectivism (Taras et al. 2014). The book is still relevant in todays world, because, it described a culture that was in motion, in every aspect of life and within and outside the workplace. The transition between equality and inequality in the pay structure is reflected in the lives of people, and it is essential to understand this transition to analyze the socio-cultural changes. When Whyte wrote the book, the inequality of pay in the corporate world was not present, still the transition in organizational culture happened. In the modern world, the inequality is a huge thing, which influences the way of life of people. However, the Protestant Ethics and rugged individualism, as seen by Whyte in the American corporate, are gone to some extent, giving way to the collectivism in todays world. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Cho, Y.N., Thyroff, A., Rapert, M.I., Park, S.Y. and Lee, H.J., 2013. To be or not to be green: Exploring individualism and collectivism as antecedents of environmental behavior.Journal of Business Research,66(8), pp.1052-1059. Lewis, M., 2012.The New Organization Man. [online] Slate Magazine. Available at: https://www.slate.com/articles/arts/millionerds/1997/10/the_new_organization_man.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Mills, A.J., 2017. Man/Aging Subjectivity, Silencing Diversity: Organizational Imagery in the Airline Industry. The Case of British Airways?. InInsights and Research on the Study of Gender and Intersectionality in International Airline Cultures(pp. 367-392). Emerald Publishing Limited. Nocera, N., 2014.The Organization Man - Review. [online] Upenn.edu. Available at: https://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13785.html [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Rao, V., 2012.The Organization Man by William Whyte: Introduction. [online] ribbonfarm. Available at: https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2012/11/18/the-organization-man-by-william-whyte-introduction/ [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Sernovitz, G., 2016.What The Organization Man Can Tell Us About Inequality Today. [online] The New Yorker. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/what-the-organization-man-can-tell-us-about-inequality-today [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Taras, V., Sarala, R., Muchinsky, P., Kemmelmeier, M., Singelis, T.M., Avsec, A., Coon, H.M., Dinnel, D.L., Gardner, W., Grace, S. and Hardin, E.E., 2014. Opposite ends of the same stick? Multi-method test of the dimensionality of individualism and collectivism.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,45(2), pp.213-245. Whyte, W.H., 2013.The organization man. University of Pennsylvania Press.