To Kill a Mockingbird Calpurnia, Miss Maudie and Caroline Fisher Essay Example

To Kill a Mockingbird: Calpurnia, Miss Maudie and Caroline Fisher Paper Draw similarities and differences between Calpurnia, Miss Maudie and Caroline Fisher, particularly in their relationship to Scout In To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout narrates her early life as a child. Motherless, the women in her life are quite significant to her in modelling her from a feminine point of view. In the beginning of the book, the three main women in her life are Calpurnia, the house maid, Miss Maudie, a friendly neighbour and Caroline Fisher, her teacher when she starts school. All these women have one thing in common they all influence her at this tender age. Miss Caroline seems to be viewed in a negative light by Scout; in contrast, Miss Maudie is described as our [Jem and Scouts] friend. Calpurnia, being the closest to scout is described as having a tyrannical presence but is described with love and affection. Caroline Fisher is the youngest of the three, being no more than twenty-one. In usual circumstances, it is the younger generation who enforce new ideas into society and who are more open minded. This is not the case with Caroline Fisher. Although she comes up with a new teaching method, she follows it rigidly and makes everyone in her class work on the same level which consequences with a clash with the intelligent Scout. As a result of being told off for being able to read and write, Scout starts to feel confused and is even told off for defending her father, telling her teacher that he didnt teach her how to read. Caroline fisher is quick tempered and instead of listening to Scout she whips her. Thus, it is hardly surprising that Scout comes to resent her teacher. Scout says she would have felt sorry for her, illustrating how she is being active in making sure she does not grow fond of her teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird: Calpurnia, Miss Maudie and Caroline Fisher specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird: Calpurnia, Miss Maudie and Caroline Fisher specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird: Calpurnia, Miss Maudie and Caroline Fisher specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Although not young like Fisher, Maudie Atkinson is a kind hearted and amicable with Scout. She is an open minded with her own opinions and thinks for herself, unlike Caroline Fisher, who sticks to what she has been taught with no exceptions. Atkinson, contrary to Fisher, is always nice to towards Scout and always listens to what she has to say, even after her house has been burnt down. Although in other affairs she is said to have an acid tongue, she is always pleasant around the children, making them cakes and earning the honour of Scout calling her the best lady I know. Calpurnia, although described as having a tyrannical presence, is viewed with love, especially as Scout gets older. As the only woman of their household, Calpurnia can be argued to be the most important woman in her early life. As Scout doesnt remember much about her mother, Calpurnia is all she has that is close to one. Calpurnia teaches her various lessons in life, like how not to offend your guests. Although Scout says Calpurnia is always ordering me out the kitchen, she does start missing the child when she goes to school and makes her crackling bread, her favourite food. Whats more, when Jem starts to object to playing with Scout, Calpurnia offers for her to stay in the kitchen for company. She is sensitive to Scouts moods and on one occasion after observing that Scout was dismal, kisses her, even though Scout is not used to such expressions of attachment. Calpurnia also nicknames Scout baby, illustrating her fondness to Scout. All these points strongly show that Calpurnia and S cout do have a caring relationship. In these ways, the three women have taken different approaches in communicating with Scout. Calpurnia and Fisher are both educated, but have dissimilar ideas of teaching Fisher thinks it should be left completely to the education authorities, whilst Calpurnia taught her son and Scout herself. Caroline and Miss Maudie are both white, but that doesnt make their conduct or values similar, in fact Atkinson is more like Calpurnia in the way she treats children. Fisher and Calpurnia are both authorative figures in Scouts life, and can be controlling, whereas Maudie Atkinson is more of a friend to Scout. Calpurnia and Atkinson both hold Atticus in high respect while Caroline Fisher insists he has done damage to his daughters education, even though she has not yet met him. After studying the three women in depth, one could come to the conclusion that the three women are nothing like each other. They are certainly all influential to Scout, but it seems Calpurnia has the most impact. These women let the reader perceive the spectrum of Maycombs women: from young to old, strict to mellow, black to white.

Plastic Sergury Essay Example

Plastic Sergury Essay Example Plastic Sergury Essay Plastic Sergury Essay A study by Psychology Today magazine shows that many people are not satisfied with their looks: 60,000,000 do not like their noses; 30,000,000 do not like their chins; 6,000,000 do not like their ears and another 6,000,000 do not like their eyes. Unfortunately, with the help of cosmetic surgery, society tries to meet the perfect body image. But is it the universal remedy? Certainly not. To begin with, however small the operation might be, there is always a chance something goes wrong. The numbers are very alarming: in 20% of surgical operations, the patient has to recover from the damage experienced. Although serious risks such as blindness and heavy lung problems are rather rare, less serious ones should not be neglected: chronic pain, allergic reaction, delayed or prolonged healing, In any case, cosmetic surgery is far from pain free. And what is more, a rather large number of surgeries have already failed. That is to say: the ‘miracle worker caused many people to die because of operations that were far from needed. Take the 36-year old housewife, Lorraine Batt, for instance. As a result of a surgery which was attempt to remove a scar caused by a caesarean section, she came to an untimely death. Such tragic events are a strong warning that our society has to be less appearance-focused. In addition, effects of surgery will not last. The cosmetic surgery may make you younger for a few years, but life goes on and the wrinkles come back. It is as unnatural to try to possess eternal youth, as it is to oppose the ageing process. Moreover, silicone implants have to be replaced within fifteen years. Yet the fact that this implies a new surgery is often forgotten. A common ground to go through this procedure is to make oneself more confident, comfortable and stronger than others. There are, however, costs to such modifications. The notion that millions of pounds are spent on cosmetic surgery, while millions of people in developing countries need that money, is objectionable. Is it impossible in our modern world to realize this ‘technical innovation is in fact another example of our western selfishness and self-love? Furthermore, is it right to change the body you are given and transform it into ‘something you are not? Every single person is unique and that is what makes life so special. The outside appearance is the representation of the inner-self. Therefore, drastically redesigning your looks causes strange effects, which was, for example, the case with Michael Jackson. If your personality is lacking, your appearance will suffer too. Consequently, cosmetic surgery does not make you a different person. As wonderful as this piece of modern medical technology may sound, cosmetic surgery is not all that advantageous and in most of all cases, it is not needed. There is no point in transforming a healthy body. That is why the idea of the perfect body image has to be forgotten, and it has to be recognized that everyone is a special human being. nd May 2008 julielai: I suggest taking out the fourth paragraph all together. But make sure your essay is long enough for your assignment. Perhaps elaborating a bit more on the deaths? Cosmetic surgery: a miracle worker? A study by Psychology Today magazine shows that many people are not satisfied with their looks: 60,000,000 do not like their noses; 30,000,000 do not like their chins; 6,000,0 00 do not like their ears and another 6,000,000 do not like their eyes. Unfortunately, with the help of cosmetic surgery,  society tries  (people, not society? to meet the perfect body image. But is it the universal remedy? Certainly not. To begin with, however small the operation might be, there is always a chance something goes wrong. The numbers are very alarming: in 20% of surgical operations, the patient has to recover from the damage experienced. (This kind of contradicts the the deaths you mention later):  Typical side effects include  chronic pain, allergic reaction, delayed or prolonged healing,  not to mention the pain the patient will feel after the operation. But the real risk lies in the possiblitity that the surgery may fail. That is to say: the ‘miracle worker caused many people to die because of operations that were far from needed. Take the 36-year old housewife, Lorraine Batt, for instance. As a result of a surgery  Ã‚  to remove a scar caused by a caesarean section, she came to an untimely death. Such tragic events are a strong warning that our society has to be less appearance-focused. In addition, effects of surgery will not last. The cosmetic surgery may make you younger for a few years, but life goes on and the wrinkles come back. It is as unnatural to try to possess eternal youth, as it is to oppose the ageing process. Moreover, silicone implants have to be replaced within fifteen years. Yet the fact that this implies a new surgery is often forgotten. Furthermore, is it right to change the body you are given and transform it into ‘something you are not? Every single person is unique and that is what makes life so special. The outside appearance is the representation of the inner-self. Therefore, drastically redesigning your looks causes strange effects, which was  the case with Michael Jackson. If your personality is lacking, your appearance will suffer too. Consequently, cosmetic surgery does not make you a different person. As wonderful as this piece of modern medical technology may sound, cosmetic surgery is not all that advantageous and in most of all cases, it is not needed. There is no point in transforming a healthy body. That is why the idea of the perfect body image has to be forgotten, and it has to be recognized that everyone is a special human being.

Business Writing Style Tools

Business Writing Style Tools (Issue 27: April, 2010)This issue offers a strategy reminder and a tool to measure your business writing clarity.Good strategy is summarized by Mark Twain, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and even the A-Team's Mr. T.: "I notice that you use plain, simple language, short words and brief sentences. That is the way to write English - it is the modern way and the best way. Stick to it; don't let fluff and flowers and verbosity creep in." - Mark Twain "It is not enough to write so that you can be understood; you must write so clearly that you cannot be misunderstood." - Ralph Waldo Emerson "Don't gimme none o' that jibba-jabba!" - Mr. T A good tool is the Readability Measurement within Microsoft Office and Outlook. By default, the "Spelling Grammar Check" feature is enabled, and of course you should always run it to check for typos and errors. It is not infallible, but it will flag many errors. The Readability Measurement must be enabled, and will assess: 1. Words per sentence (average) 2. Percentage of passive sentences 3. Flesch Reading Ease score 4. Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level.Why paying attention to these four readouts can improve your writing:Words per sentence - In general, the longer the sentence, the harder it becomes for your reader to follow along. That's not to say you should always write in short sentences. Instead, strive for a variety that makes for interesting and engaging reading.Percentage of sentences written in the passive voice measures the readability of your text as the ratio of passive sentences over active sentences.The lower the score, the better. Active sentences are nearly always easier to read and understand, thus making your message clearer and more persuasive. Aim for a score less than 20%.The Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) is the standard test of readability used by the U.S. Department of Defense for its documents and forms. It indicates how easy it is to read a given document.The results can be between 0 and 100. The higher the score, the easier it is to understand what you have written. For example, a typical issue of Reader's Digest earns an FRE score of around 65 while Time Magazine scores in the low 50's. Lincoln's Gettysburg Address scores a 74.2. One way to score higher is to use shorter sentences. The results can be interpreted as following: * 0-29 - very confusing hard to read * 30-49 - difficult to read * 50-59 - fairly difficult * 60-69 - standard * 70-79 - fairly easy * 80-89 - easy * 90-100 - very easyRecommendation: A score of 60 or more. Higher is better. Even for business documents, a score of 60 is very achievable and it takes only a few edits to obt ain it.Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) measure translates the Flesch Reading Ease measure to a grade level. The grade level means the number of years of education generally required to understand a text. For example, a score of 9.4 would indicate that the text is expected to be understandable by an average student in the 9th grade. Most newspapers in the U.S. are written at a seventh to eighth grade level.Recommendation: 8.0 to 10.0 is a good target, but lower is better because it reflects language clarity, not content complexity.In business writing one should "write to express, not to impress." This does not mean you should dumb down your ideas and concepts. Instead, it requires you to express them with clean language.These measurements are not perfect. They only assess the textual structure of your document, not content. But, they will provide snapshot measurements to diagnose the textual clarity in your documents.

Aviation history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aviation history - Essay Example h their mission considering that it had the advantage of using airships, which were only able to drop 300 tons of bombs despite the capability to drop a big number where more damages and loss of lives could have been recorded. Moreover, Germany failed to make any economic value from the war as it incurred more loss from the war owing to its big expenditure budget, which was five time the cost of damage on Britain’s property. Lastly, more than a half of German’s airships were destroyed while only 40% of the German’s service branch engaged in the war were able to return back home (Payne, 2008). According to Payne (2008), the actual impact of the air raids from German’s airships was considerably low but same cannot be said of the psychological effect that it had on the civilians and the kin of British service men who were based overseas. The German airships and in particular the Zeppelin as a weapon of war created more fear among the British citizens and it contributed to a complete lose of military and civil morale, which made it appear as if the Germans had already won the war, since everyone was asking themselves how they will survive such weapons of mass destruction. Payne, D. (2008). The Bombing of Britain in the Great War: The Western Front Association. Retrieved from: http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/component/content/article/121- aerial-warfare/876-bombing-britain-war.html. Accessed on

Challenges that Steven B. Belkin faced and recommendations for their Case Study

Challenges that Steven B. Belkin faced and recommendations for their solution - Case Study Example This paper presents the situation analysis that examines the TTG Company and its environment. TTG was established as a private corporation that provided group travel designated groups of individuals at a low cost. The aim of formation of the group was to meet the increasing demand for low-cost travel groups in the U.S. The industry itself is not yet mature. It is ten years old and is still growing given that it has only ten competitors to TTG. The main customer base of TTG is prime groups that are known to be extremely responsive to group travel such as shrines, medical associations and teacher associations among many others. The main product provided by the firm are deluxe group tours. This analysis provides an examination of the internal and external environment of TTG Corporation. The internal environment is examined using strengths and weaknesses. TTG has the strength of low-cost services compared to its competitors. The company wishes to provide its deluxe group tours at low cos ts of $199 per person for a trip to the Caribbean or Europe. Moreover, the back to back business strategy aims at minimizing airfare because as the firm will be dropping one group for a holiday, it will be picking up another group that has completed its holiday in the same destination. In addition to the cost, the company has an excellent marketing strategy that if implemented, could lead to increased sales turnover for the firm. The firm intends to market its products and services throughout the U.S using agents and different kinds of broadcast media. TTG has several weaknesses that could undermine its excellence in the industry. To begin with, the firm is new in the industry since it is a new firm that is venturing into the industry. Consequently, the company has no experience of doing business and providing group tours. The inexperience of the firm could undermine its marketing efforts. Financial challenges are other issues that are affecting TTG. The company has inadequate capit al to establish and run the firm. Steven and Alan faced difficulties of soliciting funds from investors and other financial companies that lend capital to firms since the company had no assets. TTG had the opportunity of venturing into the lucrative group travel industry. The industry is less developed therefore offering the company an opportunity to venture and grow with the industry. In addition to the opportunity in the industry, TTG has the opportunity of diversifying and venturing into other businesses in future. TTG faces the threat of high competition in the industry. Although the industry is still growing and has only 11 firms including TTG, it is characterized by free entry and exit and therefore, there could be new entrants venturing into the industry. This could trigger rivalry among competing firms. Unfavourable competition from dominant firms could affect the operations of TTG. 7Cs Methodology The 7Cs of consultancy is important to any organization including TTG that is operating in a new environment as described below. Client: customers are important people in an organization as they are the reason for the existence of an organization.

Understanding “Rule of the Bone” Novel Essay Example for Free

Understanding â€Å"Rule of the Bone† Novel Essay â€Å"Rule of the Bone† is one of the widely read coming-of-age novels is written by Russell Banks. The novel is written in a striking way as sad tones about the drama of living a life far from one’s family. â€Å"Rules of Bones† shows themes of weakness, failure, and the intricacy of leading an honest life associated to gaining total independence as a teenager. Readers of the novel are left with a lesson on the positive wisdom that comes along with optimism in every experience. Wisdom is said to be the quality of being wise and having the knowledge and the capacity to derive benefits from such knowledge. There are many accounts on how and where wisdom can be taken or learned from. Wisdom can largely be attributed from learning from lessons and practices initially taught to children and developed through aging. Experience is also considered to be the greatest teacher. People easily believe when experiences showed them the consequences of their actions, regardless if the outcome is a failure or a success. The main character Chappie (or Bone) faces a series of distinct events that has taught him to be wise and take an active and independent role. His transformation is also depicted on how his name evolved from Chappie, to a mix of Chappie and Bone, to totally Bone. The events gradually molded Chappie from being totally dependent to his parents, â€Å"semi dependent† on I-Man and to totally independent. The period of adolescence is marked by a conflict between self-identity and role confusion. Chappie is seen as an adolescent who started out as having to resort to illegal drugs and more crimes to sustain his dangerous habit. Chappie and his addiction to drugs is an example of how some people cope with a dysfunctional family. His family is composed of a nagging mother, abusive stepfather, and friends who are bad influences to him. I would say that Bones gained wisdom from knowing himself through the hardships and trials that came his way. The first few chapters of the novel showed an immature and rebellious character of Bones. Given the circumstances of his family and situation, the reader has their sentiments on Bones at the same time questions why Bones abandons his troubles and opted the wrong way out. At this point, Chappie or Bones turns to his friend for support. When Russ eventually abandoned Chappie, Chappie showed the readers that he has good intentions and not a bad kid after all. It showed how Chappie gained wisdom when he was partly independent. The self-discovery of the protagonist was reinforced when Chappie or Bones grew closer to I-Man. I-Man was instrumental to the self-discovery of Bones. He shared his insights on being independent most of his life. Bones loses his desire to take drugs when he learned from I-Man’s wisdom. The novel showed a change of attitude of Bones depending who he was with. When he was with Russ, he was very greedy and would take as much drugs as he can. When he goes to live with I-Man, he slowly loses his addiction and smoked only at certain times of the day. The newfound wisdom of taking drugs out of addiction from taking drugs for relaxation is similar to his friendship with Russ. Their friendship seemed to die when Bones lost contact with Russ and was influenced by I-Man. All of these experiences shaped and developed the wisdom of Bones on life and how he should lead his life. The type of wisdom that Bones attained is from his experiences wherein mistakes and blunders shaped him into a wiser and independent man. I believe that Bone ends the novel as a wiser and mature person. The concept of teacher and the student is exemplified in the novel. It is therefore important for adolescent to develop friendships having good influence on their lives. The sad and dramatic story of Bones offers a moral lesson to the youth about wisdom and courage. His friends namely Russ and I-Man have contributed to bone’s character and outlook in life. Russ served as a bad influence that encouraged Bone to smoke pot and go after pleasure. On the other hand, I-Man taught how independent really means by doing something with oneself. Bone defined his life when he was in Jamaica. He became an adult who knows that life is more than getting pleasures. The substantial evidence that Bone grew up to be a mature adult was when he decided to go back to America and finish school. His newfound independence made him a better, wiser person.

The Lies My Teacher Told Me and People’s History of the United States E

There is a logical saying in society one should take to heart; that line being, â€Å"Don’t believe everything you read.† Just because a text is written and published does not means it is always accurate. Historical facts, similar to words whispered in the child’s game, â€Å"telephone,† are easily transformed into different facts, either adding or subtracting certain details from the story. James Loewen, in The Lies My Teacher Told Me, reveals how much history has been changed by textbook writes so that students studying the textbooks can understand and connect to the information. In Howard Zinn’s, People’s History of the United States, the author recounts historical tales through the point of view of the common people. Mainstream media, as proven by Loewen and Zinn, often pollutes and dilutes history to make the information sound better and more easily understood for the society. First of all, the accounts of Zinn and Loewen are quite different that what textbooks and mainstream media tell children. As mentioned previously, Zinn’s People’s History of the United States conveys the narrative of the travels of Columbus and the beginnings of slavery and racism through the eyes of the common or native people. This point of view enlightens the reader, who most likely believes that Columbus was a good and benevolent American hero, to that fact that Columbus â€Å"sailed the ocean blue† out of greedy and self-glorification. In reality, Columbus caused pain, suffering, and death because of his greedy; he captured natives for their ability to perform hard labor and information on where to find riches, primarily gold (Zinn, Ch. 1). The heroic adventures, as portrayed in society, melt down to be the acts of a greedy man who sought glory for himself b... ... and food we had an equal share† (Ch. 4, A3). White servants, although for the most part did receive all the aspects of the portion of the contract referring to time in service, they received the bare minimum of the necessities. Clearly then, one can see the necessity to read/see more then one perspective on historical events is crucial. One cannot rely on one description alone because the information may or may not be the complete truth. The author may leave out, embellish, or be uninformed of certain details, which leaves the reader at a disadvantage is he/ reads only one passage. Works Cited Loewen, James W. Lies My Teacher Told Me: Everything Your American History Textbook Got Wrong. Second. New York, New York: Touchstone, 1997. Print. Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United State. Fifth. New York, New York: Harper Collins, 2010. Print.

Company Profile of Siemens Essay

Siemens is a German multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Munich, Germany. It is the largest Europe-based electronics and electrical engineering company. [1] Siemens is organised into six main divisions: Industry, Energy, Healthcare, Equity Investments, Siemens IT Solutions & Services and Siemens Financial Services. Human Resources Perspective : Siemens 3i Program The human resources perspective combines prescriptions for design of job tasks with theories of motivation. Siemens humanistic perspective on management is reflected on its 3i program, which applies Theory Y assumptions to tap into employee creativity and mind power. The 3i Program(ideas, impulses, initiatives) encourages ideas and suggestions from employees and rewards these initiatives. There are direct and indirect ways for improvement suggestions. Employees can either contact supervisor directly to voice their ideas (direct) or submit their suggestions to the 3i office, who will step in to find the responsible department(indirect). Employees will be rewarded if their improvement suggestions are adopted. Siemens has a huge number of motivated employees and thus enormous creative potential on ideas for improving work surroundings, optimizing processes, saving money or enhancing competitiveness. Today 100,000 3i suggestions a year are put into practice-at Siemens AG in Germany alone. [3] This Theory Y approach enables the company be rewarded by premiums totaling â‚ ¬300 million. Impact of Social Forces : Training in Siemens  Social forces refer to those aspects of a culture that guide and influence relationships among people. One social force is the changing attitudes, ideas and values of Generation Y employees, who want a work environment with access to opportunities to learn and further their careers and personal goals. [4] In response to the social force of Gen Y workers, Siemens provides development programs teaching new skills or extending the skills employees already have. There are On-the-job training and Off-the job training. On-the-job training is conducted at the place of work through mentoring, shadowing, coaching, job rotation. Off-the job training takes place away from workplace through courses, presentations and qualifications. For entry level employees, Siemens has three main development programmes: apprenticeships, Siemens Commercial Academy and Siemens Graduate Programmes. These programs develop employees with the essential skills set they need in their everyday role and equip them for a long-term career at Siemens. By improving the development opportunities, employees feel the company values them. The motivation theories of Herzberg and Maslow show that staff work better when valued. This delivers long-term commitment and ensures benefits to the company. Knowledge Management Model : ICN/ICM ShareNet Siemens Information and Communication Networks(ICN)ShareNet is a community of around 18,000 sales, marketing, business and R & D people of Siemens ICN and ICM. ShareNet networks these experts globally and lets them share and develop their knowledge in order to create better customer solutions. 5]It focuses on enabling employees to transfer their tacit knowledge into explicit information. What’s more, ShareNet is independent of time zones and organizational structures, so urgent questions are generally answered within a few hours. ShareNet provides real life experience thus saves precious time in all phases of the value creation process. In addition to time, ShareNet saves consulting fees for Siemens, because the knowledge and analyses of external consultants’ reports are made available on a global scale whenever possible.

Jack the Ripper’s identity Essay

INTRODUCTION In August 1888 a killer who became known as Jack the Ripper committed the first of a series of murders. To this day the identity of the killer remains a mystery. Five women were brutally killed in the East End of London, by a maniac who appeared to kill without warning and with no remorse. Why was the â€Å"Ripper† able to get away with his murders? Why were the police powerless to stop him? These are some of the questions that still puzzle Ripperologists who search for Jack the Ripper’s identity till this day, looking in old archives and books. ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES Research and gain knowledge on: – > The development of the police forces in Britain in the nineteenth century. > Law and order in London in the late nineteenth century. > Whitechapel in the nineteenth century. With this knowledge you should be able to answer the following questions: – 1. Describe law and order in London in the late nineteenth century. (15 Marks) 2. Why did the Whitechapel murders attract so much attention in 1888 (15 Marks) 3. Why were police unable to catch Jack the Ripper? (20 Marks) QUESTIONS QUESTION 1 DESCRIBE LAW AND ORDER IN LONDON IN THE NINETEENTH CENTRY. (15 Marks) Law and order in London in the late nineteenth century was at a developing level, with new acts introduced this century, the way law and order was dealt with changed as the century was coming to an end. During the early and mid nineteenth century, watchmen patrolled the streets of London and special constables- this was ineffective as the number of civilians living in London outnumbered those watchmen and constables to a great level. However, the introduction of the new Metropolitan Police Force in 1829 was set up to change the situation. The new police force put in place by Robert Peel, was first constructed of 3200 men, 17 divisions, 4 inspectors and 144 constables. As with any major introduction of something, there were many early problems for the police force. However, as the years past on, the Metropolitan Police force gained more experience, and was able to deal more effectively with defections of law and order. To gain the peoples popularity, the Police Force carefully chose the uniform for its constables. The force was given a blue uniform, with a tailcoat and a helmet, which replaced the tall hat in 1870. The ‘blue’ colour of the uniform was chosen because Londoners disliked seeing the ‘redcoats’ of the army, as this was associated with violence. Blue was the colour of the navy, which was given ‘hero status’ because of their contribution to the British war effort. This, I believe was a good first step for the Met as it made the people appreciate and favour them. During the 1880’s, the training of new police officers was unsatisfactory, much of the training was on the job and constables could often start their duty the following day. Ill training meant some police officers were inexperienced and couldn’t deal efficiently with crime. This led to many incidents as the police disobeyed instructions. Ill policing also led to the serious incident named ‘Bloody Sunday’ on the 13th November 1887. Above all, towards the end of the century, the police were seen as discriminating against Londoners of the lower classes and favouring people in the middle and upper class- this damaged their reputation. Detective work was also improved as the nineteenth century progressed. At first, there were only two inspectors and six sergeants. It was feared that detectives would sympathize and become too lenient with criminals and as a result of this- become corrupt. The late nineteenth century bought radical changes to detective work. In 1869, the National Criminal Record was set up and dealt with infamous criminals, thereby reducing the number of crimes. The Detective Department in London was revised in the late nineteenth century- this led to the creation of a Criminal Investigations Department (CID) in 1877. In a space of 5 years, the number of detectives increased by 78, as did the number of arrests made. Increasing the number of detectives alone was not enough, as this didn’t increase the efficiency of their work. The detectives had to change the methods which they used in the early and mid nineteenth century in dealing with disreputable crimes. The detective methods did however change in 1879 in dealing with murder cases. Now, the body of a victim was not removed from its murder site, or anything else to do with it. These changes in the detective department showed that law and order was being enforced more efficiently and more criminals were being put to justice than before. Another aspect that increased the competence of detective work in the late nineteenth century was the introduction of forensics, finger printing and the ‘Alphonse Bertillon method of identification. With these methods, detectives were able to examine primary or secondary sources got to with a murderer or victim in order to gather up evidence and find out who the murderer is. This was an important change because murderers could be identified not only by an obvious clue lying in the murder site- this consequently meant that murderers became more intimidated and frightened to carry out a killing. Overall, the development of the police force in London in the late nineteenth century can be described as improving but unsatisfactory. I believe that the improvements made to restore law and order was still insufficient. With the population of London at that time being 5,255,069- I think having only 1383 police officers on duty was ineffective. Regular patrols could not stop a determined criminal. The police force would need to increase its size by many times so as to provide resistance and intimidate criminals. Being in its infant years, I think only time will solve this matter; because as time passes, there will be improvements in technology, the police will gain more experience and improve their methods of dealing with crime. With the Jack the Ripper murders round the corner, a crime like this will be enough to show the police force what they are lacking, how they are lacking and what things need to be taken into consideration. QUESTION 2 WHY DID THE WHITECHAPEL MURDERS ATTRACT SO MUCH ATTENTION IN 1888? (15 Marks) In the space of two months or so, the residents of Whitechapel were horrified at the five murders that occurred in their area by a somewhat unremorseful sexual serial murderer that was unknown and could not be found. The mysterious murderer, who came to name himself ‘Jack the Ripper’ became the focus of the press and media in late 1888, and attracted so much attention as he committed his rather graphic killings to prostitutes who lived on a day-to-day basis. In each of the five murders that the Ripper carried out; he brutally mutilated the prostitutes, taking out what ever organs out of their bodies using his debatable anatomical skill. In my opinion, I believe the Ripper did possess anatomical/surgical skill, as he was able to take out certain organs like the kidneys out of his victim’s bodies without causing meaningless cuts. He also used a long bladed knife similar to those used by surgeons while carrying out amputations. The Ripper used this skill while mutilating the bodies of Annie Chapman who had her small intestines withdrawn of her abdomen. Mary Kelly also had her internal organs removed because the Ripper had a lot of time to commit the mutilations as he was alone in a room and could have his privacy; away from public sight. I believe it was because of this reason- the ghastly mutilations on the prostitutes- that attracted the most attention to the people and police force as it showed what a determined murderer was capable of doing. Another aspect of the Jack the Ripper case that attracted so much attention in 1888 was Jack the Ripper himself. People were eager to know who the Ripper was, his identity, his background, and simply; why he targeted prostitutes and slashed, sliced and severed them the way he did. The letters that he sent to the police caused people and the police themselves to grow even more suspicious about the Ripper. For example, the ‘Dear Boss’ letter made people think that he was American. He portrayed himself as a psychopath through this letter; informing the police of what he will do in the future, ‘I shant quit ripping them till I do get buckled.’ All these queries were supposed to be answered by the Metropolitan Police Force; however, they weren’t able to catch the Ripper. This is the reason why the world press degraded them. British newspaper business were eager to sell more and more newspapers these days as the Education Act 1870 made it compulsory for everyone to attend school, meaning that now most of the British population was literate. The Fleet Street newspapers competed by writing articles, that more likely were incorrect and unreliable. However, the only thing that mattered to the newspapers at the time was selling, and as the British population was enthusiastic about the murders carried out by Jack the Ripper, they published incorrect material. This shows how much attention Jack the Ripper attracted, as to keep him in the minds of the British population, the very source that everyone depended on telling the truth, told a lie! The world press also played a big role in attracting attention to the murders. They deeply investigated the murders and at times produced false information and rumours that made the populace even more fearful and intimidated to stroll through the alleys of Whitechapel at night. Offering rewards was a tactic that the police used later on, which it previously thought was insufficient to collect evidence about Jack the Ripper and his whereabouts. By this, many people were attracted to the case and produced false evidence solely to get a reward in the end. This afterwards proved to be totally unsatisfactory as the police found the investigation harder as many people brought forward different and inconclusive information with regard to the identity of the Ripper. The double murders that took place in the night of the 30th of September 1888 also caused people to grow fearful and attentive in the East End of London. The first victim of the double murders was Elizabeth Stride who was found to have several cuts in the neck and windpipe. It was supposed that the horse and cart of Louis Diemschutz who worked near to the scene of the murder disturbed the Ripper. Because of this, the Ripper went and murdered a fourth prostitute named Catherine Eddowes less than half a mile away. What was peculiar about the Eddowes murder was not only that she had her intestines, left kidney and womb removed; but that written in chalk above the dead woman’s apron were the words: ‘The Juwes are The men That Will not be Blamed For nothing’. This could have been a genuine clue for the MPF as to who the Ripper was; as they could have seen whether the handwriting of this matched the handwriting of the letters he sent to the police. But before they could do so, Sir Charles Warren, Commissioner of the MPF ordered the writing to be removed immediately to prevent any anti-Semitic tension. Another reason why Jack the Ripper attracted so much attention, was because of the tension between political parties. A serial killer was out in the streets of London, killing innocent women, and sitting in Parliament were politicians who looked to be doing nothing about this. As a result of the Jack the Ripper murders, the poverty stricken area of Whitechapel was well known, and so was the poverty that the residents suffered. Opposition parties in the Government saw this as an opportunity, to attack the Government, in saying that the poverty that they (the government) had not solved was to blame for these murders. If there were no poverty in Whitechapel, then single women would not have had to result to prostitution, and Jack the Ripper would have had no prostitutes to murder. Jack the Ripper attracted so much attention, that even the politicians in Parliament were talking about his actions. In conclusion, I think that it was the way in which the prostitutes were brutally butchered, and the perplexity that the Metropolitan Police Force faced with dealing with the murders; are what engrossed so much attention in 1888. In particular, I think the murder of Mary Kelly- the last of the Ripper murders- is what attracted the majority of attention in the Ripper case as the victim was viciously mutilated. There were cuts all over her body and most internal organs had been removed. The breasts were also cut off as well as her uterus. The heart was removed and could not be located. Because of this, I think it was this murder that made people most fearful and kept the dark alleys of Whitechapel deserted at night as the people living their knew that a determined murderer could well be at their doorsteps next. QUESTION 3 WHY WERE THE POLICE UNABLE TO CATCH JACK THE RIPPER? (20 Marks) The police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper for several major reasons. It was mainly that the police did not know who or what they were dealing with. This was due to the fact that Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer to be reported on at such a scale. The police were unaware of the fact that they were dealing with a serial killer, and more importantly did not know what a serial killer was. Jack the Ripper was the first serial killer who had been focused on at such a scale by the newspapers or the media. This was mainly due to the fact that most of the adult population of the time were now able to read and write due to the Education Act 1870. This encouraged the newspapers to write more about the â€Å"Ripper†, sometimes quoting unreliable sources – which were also used by the police, leading them to false leads. As more and more of the public were getting interested in the â€Å"Ripper† murders, newspapers felt that they had to publish something on the â€Å"Ripper† murders otherwise the public would loose interest and the newspaper company loose money. Hence the newspapers were forced into writing false/incorrect information in their articles. As the methods of investigation used by the police were still developing, and forensic science just starting, the Metropolitan police were unsure about how to conduct their investigation. As a result they resulted to any means possible and even took the ‘false’ words of the newspapers as being true. Despite the fact that forensics experts of the time had visited the crime scenes and had drawn certain conclusions, the Metropolitan police still followed the false information published in the newspapers, despite the fact that it contradicted the conclusions drawn by the forensics experts. This shows how undeveloped the methods of investigation of the police was at the time as police were following information given by drunken lunatics who were giving witness accounts only to earn a little easy money, and based their witness accounts on the stereotypical image of the â€Å"Ripper† at the time to try and catch one of the most cunning and clever serial killers of all ti me. Another major factor why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper was that their nature of investigation was too narrow and that they should have widened their scope. At first the Metropolitan police believed that Jack the Ripper was someone local, from the evidence shown from his knowledge of the layout of all the alleyways and roads of Whitechapel. This enabled him to move very quickly and freely around the Whitechapel area without the police being able to catch him. This was very important because by the time the body of Jack the Ripper’s next victim was discovered he would have been long gone. A rumour had been spread about a man known as ‘Leather Apron’ as being the serial killer, Jack the Ripper. The police were intrigued by this information and were quick to respond. They arrested a man called John Pizer, a butcher from the Whitechapel area. He was foreign as many of the witness accounts suggested, and wore a leather apron, giving him the name â€Å"Leather Apron†. However he had an alibi, which cleared him of all charges. Again the police had followed false leads and had wasted more time. This then lead the police to believe that the murder was someone who was not from the Whitechapel area but could have had a job or another sort of connection within the area, because of his knowledge of the layout of Whitechapel. The police used many techniques to try and catch Jack the Ripper, however none of them succeeded. Firstly, the Metropolitan police increased the number of police officers and constables ‘on the beat’ (on duty), each being placed within five minutes of walking distance of each other. However this did not work as the â€Å"Ripper† was still too quick for the Metropolitan police. Another method used by the police was to try and go undercover to catch Jack the Ripper. Some officers dressed up as prostitutes to try and lure Jack the Ripper into spending some time with them. However this did not work as there were no female officers at the time, and the men who dressed up still wore their typical police boots which were still recognisable despite the heavily polluted smog that filled the air, blowing their disguise. Again the police had wasted more time, as their method of investigation was still unreasonable. These thoughtless actions were not kept quiet. Jack the Ripper news attracted worldwide attention. These actions were even commented on in the New York Times, â€Å"the London Police must be the stupidest police force in the World†. This did not give a good impression of the Metropolitan police force. On conclusion the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper because of their lack of knowledge of serial killers and the undeveloped methods of investigation they used. When Jack the Ripper first started his ‘campaign of murder’, the police were unaware that they were dealing with a serial killer and more importantly did not know what a serial killer was. This was to the disadvantage to the police, as they did not know how to catch Jack the Ripper. Another factor why the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper was the little knowledge of forensic science that they had at the time. The police were uneducated in forensic science, and in many occasions altered the scene of the crime. Lastly, the police were unable to catch Jack the Ripper because of the methods that they used. The police at the time were uneducated in ‘undercover’ work as well. They did not know how to disguise themselves into the normal population to trap Jack the Ripper.

Greece and the Persian Empire essays

Greece and the Persian Empire essays Greece and the Persian Empire were enormous rivals in the 5th Century AD. Greece was a country of culturally and politically beauty that was getting stronger. Persia was a country that was getting weaker and was going through many changes. These two countries had many conflicts that inflicted the way that they were operating their county and government. Every powerful country was trying to get more powerful, obtain more land, trade, and earn money. These two countries finally clashed when Persian had the reigns of Greece. As A.T. Olmstead states in his book History of the Persian Empire: With the more populous, more wealthy, and more cultured part of the Greek world already under Persian Control, incorporation of the remainder must have seemed to Darius inevitable. A few more frontier expeditions by his generals, he thought, should be quite enough to bring those Greeks who still retained their independence to acknowledge the suzerainty of the Great King. Greece was a country along the coast of Asia Minor that came under the control of the Lydians and their king, Croesus. Later on, the Persians conquered the Lydians and all the states that belonged to the Lydians became subject to the Persians. The Greeks were unhappy with the way they were treated, and did not respect the Persians. The Persians tried to control their new subject-states very closely; and they even appointed individuals to rule the states as tyrants, the Greeks did not respond well to this. They were not happy and forced a rebellion. So from that point on, the Greeks and Persians were at each others throats, resulting at war. The term conflict is defined as a competitive or opposing action of incompatibles or an antagonistic state or action. The term empire is defined as a major political unit having a territory of great extent or a number of territories or peoples under a single sovereign authority. These two terms are significant with this theme because there wa...

How to Pitch an Essay

How to Pitch an Essay How to Pitch an Essay How to Pitch an Essay By Mark Nichol Do you have something in writing you’d like to share with the world? Not a complete book manuscript, perhaps, but musings of a concise nature? Perhaps you like to explain things, or share your opinion, or tell a story or write humorous pieces. There’s plenty of advice online about pitching, or seeking an invitation, to submit articles and interviews I wrote a post about the topic a couple of years ago but getting essays published requires a slightly different approach. Most important is the form of the submission. Generally, writers pitch articles and interviews as pieces they are prepared to write; you summarize a story and your approach, name sources and resources you plan to consult, and await a go-ahead to write. But submitting essays is more akin to sending an entire fiction manuscript, rather than an outline and a sample chapter or two of a nonfiction work, to a literary agent: Write first, then query. (Articles and interviews are sometimes written like this on spec but in this case it’s best to have a buyer before you build your product.) We all have favorite print or online publications we’d love to see our byline in, but adopt a realistic approach or a combination of approaches to get started: Self-Publish Launch your own blog, and build a portfolio of posts on a single theme or topic. (If you have more than one interest, separate your blog into distinct areas by subject matter, or even create a different website for each category.) Use social networking and link sharing to build an audience. Once you’ve amassed a body of writing, even if you have no paid publishing credits, you’ll be able to point editors to an impressive collection of your writings. Enter Contests Innumerable organizations sponsor writing contests, many of them with more scintillating topics than the â€Å"What freedom means to me†Ã¢â‚¬â€œtype scholarship-essay contests you may remember from high school. Search online, targeting a few that cater to your writing niche, because the accumulated entry fees of multiple submissions can be hazardous to your financial health. Some contests offer publication as a prize; though the magazine or journal is likely to be obscure, you will be able to call yourself a published writer. Go Specific Just as when you enter contests, invest your time and energy wisely when seeking to have your work published. Print and online journals and magazines, and anthologies, exist for just about any topic you can imagine. Consult the latest edition of Writer’s Market, certainly, but conduct online research to find niche publications that seek writers just like you. How to Pitch an Essay Once you’ve identified one or more ideal print or online publications, sell your initial essay. Obviously, the recipients of your pitch will read your overture before perusing the essay itself, so catch their attention with a brief introduction that will impress them. Not only must your grammar, usage, and punctuation be impeccable, but your pitch must demonstrate that anything else you include is worth reading. If you’re a storyteller, tell a story. If you’re submitting an opinion piece, dazzle the editor with your observations. If you’re a humor writer, make ’em laugh. Be confident but not arrogant, and be authentic: Sell who you are and what you have to offer, not what you would like to be or wish you could do. The pitch itself should be concise: Greet the recipient, briefly describe the essay you’ve attached to your message, explain (with some heartfelt flattery) why it’s appropriate for the publication, inform the recipient that you will provide other material on request and that you’re happy to revise the submission based on feedback, thank the recipient, and get out of the way. If you do have a blog, provide the link so that the person can look at other writing samples. Send your sample to as many publications as you can identify don’t wait for responses. If you don’t hear back, follow up every week or two with a simple reminder until you get a definitive response. Once someone has published your work, or after a few months, select your new favorite piece and submit again to publications that rejected you. And, as much at it may seem difficult, shrug off the rejections. There are millions of writers out there, and at least a few of them are going to be better than you (or their material is better suited for particular publications). As I alluded in this post, focus on getting yeses, not dwelling on nos. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?50 Idioms About Fruits and VegetablesHow to Style Legislative Terms

3 D optimization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

3 D optimization - Research Paper Example Problems in 3-D dynamics are usually tackled using a combination of different fundamental approaches. These approaches include experimental fluid dynamics, theoretical fluid dynamics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). CFD is what has opened the ‘three approach’ in the field of aerodynamics. CFD has had a big role to play in the analysis of aerodynamic configurations so as to aid the design process. The availability of high performance computing platforms have also aided in the development of aerodynamics (Reuther, Alonso & Jameson 1996). Both the mesh morpher algorithm and the direct search algorithm are gradient based optimization techniques. When using these designs in a 3D element optimization airfoil, the control function is parameterized with some set of design variables and a suitable cost function is either minimized or maximized. In order to show the dependence between the cost function and control function governing equations are introduced. The sensitivity derivatives of the cost function in retrospect to design variables are introduced in order to get a direction of improvement. The convergence to a minimum or maximum is achieved when the procedure is repeated. A fast and accurate way of calculating the necessary gradient information is imperative in developing a design that is effective and this is often the most time consuming part in the design algorithm. Therefore, this should be put into consideration when a very large number of design variables as in the case of the three dimensional wing shape desi gn are concerned. The plan of this research strategy is to produce 3D multi-element airfoil design and optimization mechanism that can adapt a model (3D airfoil) delivering enhanced aerodynamic performance in terms of maximizing lift to drag ratio under landing and takeoff flight situation (Reuther, Alonso & Jameson 1996). Processing the multi-element